Applying a special formula of chemicals to the skin to get the effect of a traditional suntan, without any exposure to sun or UV light, is known as sunless tanning. Self tanning and airbrush tanning is a rapidly expanding area in cosmetic sales.
Self tans can come in a variety of application types. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is used in the product which reacts with amino acids on the skin surface to give the change in color. So there is no skin pigmentation or exposure to UV light.
It is made for home use, although anyone that has not used self tan previously is advised to do a skin test before use. This can be done by applying a small amount to a little area of skin, then wait a day to make sure you are not allergic to the ingredients, before applying to the rest of the body. For the best result, apply to clean, dry skin and allow to fully absorb into the skin before bathing or getting wet.
Another sunless form is an airbrush tan, which is applied using special equipment operated by trained specialists.
Bronzed skin tends to be linked to health and physical attractiveness, but in previous centuries, most preferred fair skin. In the Elizabethan and Victorian eras, the upper classes would protect their skin from sun exposure. A tan was seen as something for the working classes, who spent a lot of time doing outside labor. The Greeks and Romans were also known make their faces whiter using chalk.
It was in the twenties that the tan started to become fashionable, after a well known designer returned with a tan after a holiday cruise. The tan began to reflect the laid back, luxurious life, not the sign of a life of labor that it once was. It was also at this time that women began to dress more freely, influenced by the Jazz Age. The fact that clothes no longer covered the whole body only gave the tan more appeal.
Recent self tan products give a much more natural finish compared to those that first become available. The cream or brown dyes used in the fifties often gave a patchy and orange look but new technologies and ingredients changed this.
A lot of people believe that beauty, health and wellness are associated with tanned skin, so therefore feel better with a tan themselves. Health authorities then found a link between sun or UV exposure and skin cancer, which did not completely deter people from wanting a tan, but did support the idea of sunless ways.
Although sunless tanning does not damage skin, most self tans have very low protection from UV. Therefore, the health associations have warned users that they should always keep this in mind when leaving the skin exposed.
It appears that the tan may soon begin to fade, as once again, pale skinned bodies are starting to emerge across catwalks and on screen.
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